Youth Subcultures free essay sample

In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong. Six key ways in which subcultures can be identified: 1. Through their often negative relations to work (as idle, parasitic, at play or at leisure, etc. ); 2. through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not class-conscious and dont conform to traditional class definitions); 3. through their association with territory (the street, the hood, the club, etc. , rather than property; 4. through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i. e. social groups other than the family); 5. through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions); 6. Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music a nd other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Subcultures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dick Hebdige, members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot. Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organizational culture. In some cases, subcultures have been legislated against, and their activities regulated or curtailed Sexual subcultures The sexual revolution of the 1960s led to a countercultural rejection of the established sexual and gender norms, particularly in the urban areas of Europe, North and South America, Australia, and white South Africa. A more permissive social environment in these areas led to a proliferation of sexual subcultures—cultural expressions of non-normative sexuality. As with other subcultures, sexual subcultures adopted certain styles of fashion and gestures to distinguish them from the mainstream. Homosexuals expressed themselves through the gay culture, considered the largest sexual subculture of the 20th century. With the ever increasing acceptance of homosexuality in the early 21st century, including its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the gay culture can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like leather men, bears, and feeders are considered subcultures within the gay movement itself. The butch and femme identities or roles among some lesbians also engender their own subculture with stereotypical attire, for instance drag kings. A late 1980s development, the queer movement can be considered a subculture broadly encompassing those that reject normatively in sexual behavior, and who celebrate visibility and activism. The wider movement coincided with growing academic interests in queer studies and queer theory. Aspects of sexual subcultures can vary along other cultural lines. For instance, in the United States, the term down-low is used to refer to African-American men who do not identify themselves with the gay or queer cultures, but who practice gay cruising, and adopt a specific hip-hop attire during this activity A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as countercultures. Youth subcultures are often distinguished by elements such as fashion, beliefs, slang, dialects or behaviours. Vehicles — such as cars, motorcycles, scooters or skateboards — have played central roles in certain youth subcultures. In the United Kingdom in the 1960s, mods were associated with scooters while rockers were associated with motorcycles. Specific music genres are associated with many youth subcultures, such as punks, ravers, metalheads and goths. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of the symbolism attached to clothing, music, other visible affections by members of the subculture, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Socioeconomic class, gender, intelligence, conformity and ethnicity can be important in relation to youth subcultures. Youth subcultures can be defined as meaning systems, modes of expression or lifestyles developed by groups in subordinate structural positions in response to dominant systems — and which reflect their attempt to solve structural contradictions rising from the wider societal context.

Words and Expressions You Should Stop Using

Words and Expressions You Should Stop Using Phrases You Should Never Say Again Public speaking is very common yet difficult activity. To make a good impression, you should have great communication skills. Before talking in front of a big audience during your next meeting, presentation, etc., think whether you dont resort to the annoying as well as useless verbal fits described below. Its a well-known fact that people face various difficulties connected with the oral speaking and developing effective communication skills. The most common troubles might be uttering the same word too often in a short period of time, using speech patterns that irritate the audience even without noticing or falling in love with a few expressions. If you do such mistakes that are related to public speeches, then whatever you endeavored to say will get lost. Here you can find the most widely met problems regarding this issue. Saying the name of a certain person two times This refers especially to the usage of your own name twice. If you state your double name in the same sentence it means that you want to say that your unusual and unacceptable behavior should be justified. For instance: All I can say is that Emily is being Emily. Even worse to say would be me being me. So, whenever you use such a verbal trick as a way to give a description of that particular person, youre simply trying to make an excuse for bad behavior you would never accept from any other person. What is more, everyone is familiar with that. Closing a discussion without any profound justification Another common verbal tic is when you end a talk not providing any supporting phrases or backup. Bear in mind that while making a decision it is of a great importance to give the supported closure. If you forget about this significant step, then it will undoubtedly lead to failure and misunderstanding. Pretending you are hesitating when, in reality, you are quite sure In this case, people may make an attempt to show that they still have mind opened to new suggestions or points of view. They might be really 100% sure, however, pretending they can change their plans if something goes differently than discussed before. Remember, you shouldnt say you are not sure unless you truly have a desire to reconsider certain viewpoints. Excessive use of one and the same word As a result, people hear only this word, in spite of the fact that you want to tell them lots of other interesting information. For example, my boss used such phrases like in other words, regarding and in general almost in every single sentence. Sometimes he even managed to cram all of them into one sentence. Falling in love with a word or a phrase will mean that your audience can become not only sick and tired of them, but will not even hear other words. Thus, you need to stop using such words or phrases. It will be hard, but only practice makes perfect!

Why Asian American males are sexually overlooked (undersexed) in the Term Paper

Why Asian American males are sexually overlooked (undersexed) in the US - Term Paper Example Racially, black men on the average are considered to have the largest endowment, Asians the least and whites in between. Although this is probably true, the important thing from a sexual behavior point of view is the perception. Considering this, it should not be surprising that many women do not consider Asian males as likely prospects for sexual partnerships. Asian Birth Rates and its’ Consequences While sources indicate that Japan has a lower birth rate than China, both are very low with no signs of an imminent rebound.( East-West Center) Indeed, most of developed industrial Asia has decreasing birth rates. Even though war ravaged, Afghanistan has the highest birth rate in the region as it is the least developed. The more advanced countries such as Japan, South Korea, and China, after a period of rapid economic growth, are now slowing down. (Fogarty 2997) This means fewer employment opportunities for the young and well educated, including women. As in the West 2 incomes are required for a decent standard of living for young married couples, especially those with children. Also because Asian males are not inclined to share the burdens of domestic duties, women find it increasingly difficult to combine a fulfilling career with marriage and child rearing. Therefore, many have decided to chose one or the other, reducing the marriage rate and by extension the birth rate. If a woman decides to be a stay at home mom she would need to find a well heeled mate, difficult to do with income levels determined by age and experience. Although Japan has a very low marriage/birth rate it is slightly higher in rural than urban areas because extended families tend to live together and share the burden of child care. As well as decreasing birth rates, there is also a trend in Asia as there is in the West toward lower birth rates of males compared to females.( redOrbit 2008) Male births still outnumber female with the rates varying between 100 and 110 males for every 100 females. However, the gap is narrowing, possibly due to the effects of increased pollution. At first blush one would think that would give more opportunity for Asian males for permanent and casual relationships. The economic impediments of marriage and child rearing have been discussed above. In the case of casual sexual relationships it is difficult to find data but I think one can make reasonable assumptions based on demographic changes. With globalization and increased educational and career resulting from feminism, they are no longer dependent on marriage and support of local males. They are more able to pursue their own careers if they wish, chose not to marry and pursue sexual gratification with partners of other races who allegedly offer greater sexual prowess. Racial Humiliation as a Fetish The internet is flooded with sites catering to various fetishes including sexual, racial or both combined. A fetish is worship of an object/person because the worshipper attributes a pote ncy or magical power to the object/person worshipped which they don’t have, or alternatively feel guilty because they have an excess of it. An example of the latter would be a powerful senior executive voluntarily surrendering and humiliating himself to a voluptuous leather clad mistress. In recent times it could be an Asian feeling inferior because of his small penis, submitting himself to being degraded by say a white or black mistress, in the hope if he does so well enough, the mistress will eventually reward him with some kind of sexual relief. It is difficult to explain the psychological need for fetish worship, but it seems to relate to an attempt to correct some kind of imbalance in one’s life. One website I saw was blatantly racist with a woman portraying herself as an Aryan mistress

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Review - Article Example A quantitative approach also happens to be simple and straightforward in its scope. The results arrived at numerically also allow for the application of a range of quantitative techniques in the course of the foresight exercises. It also allows for a clear cut comparison of conclusions under varied circumstances. The subject of this research were the 35,057 children falling in the age group 3-5, who were enrolled in the 311 preschools in the state of Illinois in the Financial Year 1994-1995. In the context of setting, the code of Illinois State Board of Education’s exclusively extends grants to public school districts, to conduct preschool education programs for children falling in the age group 3-5. This program has an essential parent education component. In that context, in the Financial Year 1994-1995, 389 types of program services were offered by Illinois preschools. These services included either exclusive classroom based instruction or a combination of class room based and home based instruction. A few schools extended only home based instruction. A majority of the schools that is 85 percent offered only classroom based instruction. All the schools running these programs were required to have parent education services and parent involvement activities. Nearly 38 percent of the preschools made parent involvement a requirement in these programs. The parent involvement categories included classroom activities, field trips, and enrichment activities involving children. These programs also had a parent education component that comprised of parent-child interaction activities, workshops pertaining to child development and parenting skill development activities. The teachers participating in these programs were sufficiently competent, with 73.4 percent of them having early childhood education certificates. The analysis of

The latest technology in Health Information Tracking Research Paper

The latest technology in Health Information Tracking - Research Paper Example The insufficiency of computerized information related to heath care, health information systems are implemented. These systems do not support data analysis in which equity related stratifies is usually not possible. The transformation of the healthcare industry utilizing Information Technology is continuously updating. The healthcare sector’s investment in Information Technology is not up to the mark for at least a decade, as history shows that the health care industry has adopted the Information Technology late. As the increasing costs of healthcare intimidate the competitive advantage of developed countries, ways to use information technology to organize costs are being recognized. Major government projects focus on the improvement of information technology adoption and shrink costs while protecting patient privacy. Requirement for researchers to facilitate practitioners recognize how information technology can advance hospitals’ productivity is evident. As people are becoming more and more aged, population is becoming a challenge in social and economic sector worldwide. In the United States, people with age over 65 are expected to hit 70 million by 2030. This figure is doubled as compared to 35 million in 2000. Health care in the context of Information technology has become an obsession globally. These increments are been observer globally. The old aged people having diseases, requiring constant monitoring and medication and need to visit the hospitals and clinics on a regular basis. If the disease is identified at the initial stage by health monitoring techniques, the quality of life will be improved and many lives can be saved. At the same time, investigating the disease can reduce the cost and resources which are utilized for the treatment of a patient. The cost related to health care is also an emerging problem (Durresi et al.

Methods of Investment Appraisal and Financial Statement Analysis

Methods of Investment Appraisal and Financial Statement Analysis The purpose of this report is to assess various method of investment appraisal and financial statement analysis and and finaly recommendation on choosing stratefic portfolio. Task 1 Forcasting There are various to forecast from the past result and find out what is going to happen future The simplest method for forcasting revenue and cost through time series analysis with simple moving average for example Using moving average the forcast for next months will be Forcast jan+febà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..to dec divided by 12 months and answer is for July the forcast would be 31.58 or 32 and so on. Trend is systermatic (gradual) increase or decrease in average over time while seasonal forcasting is the predictable short term cycling behaviour for whatever reason day month week etc For example assume the following market share of tesco in the next year Seasonal Factor Average Seasonal factor Month 2007 2006 2007 2006 Jan 31 30.6 1.02 1.02 1.02 Feb 32 30.4 0.99 1.03 1.01 Mar 35 30.6 0.91 1.02 0.96 Apr 33 31 0.96 1.01 0.98 May 31 31.4 1.02 0.99 1.01 Jun 29 31.5 1.10 0.99 1.04 Jul 30 31.6 1.06 0.99 1.02 Aug 31.4 31.4 1.01 0.99 1.00 Sep 33.1 31.2 0.96 1.00 0.98 Oct 32.2 31.4 0.99 0.99 0.99 Nov 32.34 31.4 0.98 0.99 0.99 Dec 31.1 31.4 1.02 0.99 1.01 Average  £31.76  £31.16 Now if we want to find market share of tesco in January of 2008 January forcast = Average forcast multiply by seasonal factor which is 1.02 If average mothly forcast for the year is 30 then forcast for January will be 30*1.02 = 30.6 Task 1 part 2 Its very know and understandable fact that start a new business or growing it require a lot of hard work ,planning and right kind of financing with a team of dedicated peoples. There are all source of finance which can be used to finance but each of them has some benefit or edge over in some way or other. Therefore deciding which source of financing should we use is a lots home work together ability to face issues coming up and ability to take decisions. Money (Capital) is life blood of any business and business cannot survive without capital. Keeping plan flexible Thinking big and move fast Business should move on when raising capital Strong management team What amount capital required depended what we want to achieve and our experience e and credit worthiness and stage of growth at which we stand together general factor such market trends and economic condition. There are various sources of finance depend on business 1) Self Financing: Self Financing Financing through credit card and is the most riskiest option and costly as interest rate on credit cards are very high and amount available is normally low subject credit evaluation conducted by bank. Start up Financing is another method whereby a business can put cash into the new business generated through various different source till it is reach to level to generate further financing itself. 2) Commercial Financing by Bank Business can get commercial financing if they have track record or they have something to give as security to bank. Commercial financing is very important and fundamental way to finance a specific project and normally bank will agree to finance if there is home work done with regards to feasibility. The disadvantage is company has to bear risk of loss and bank will charge interest which is great cost Though these are disadvantages still commercial finance through bank most widely use to finance a specific project. 3) Share Issue A newly establish company can issue Initial public offering to raise finance from public but a lot of home work require. Private Companies can issue new shares in the form rights issue or bonus issue but cant advertise them. Initially company can finance itself equity investment by investors. Later on merger or acquisition of limited company is very good source raising finance by issuing shares. Share issue is quite unusual way to raise money for specific project its time consuming and lengthy process but its one the less riskiest way. 5) Finding Investor/Partner Finding a person, group or organization to fund business is another form of financing to raising capital .the advantage if this method is risk is shared between partners and disadvantage is worth generates from business is divided between one more peoples according partnership agreement. There are many other sources of finance for small business like local government initiatives on lending program and commercial companies providing finance etc. Some big companies are really cash rich and therefore they look opportunities to invest cash and therefore they can act as strategic investors. Task 2 There are vaious method appraise financial returns on various competing project. The most important of them are 1) Payback period 2) Net present value 1 Pay back period Lets take a example if there are two projects where initial investment is 60m while one give return as following Year Amount 1 10 2 25 3 30 4 28 While another project give returns as Year Amount 1 13 2 20 3 25 4 50 Solution Project One Year Amount Remaining Investment 0 60 1 10 50 2 25 25 3 30 25 4 28 Project Two Year Amount Remaining Investment 0 60 1 13 47 2 20 27 3 25 2 4 50 2 iniital investment returne The first project here pay its entire investment in three years while the second projecgt pay its entire investment four year time so according payback period method project two should be selected. Payback period doesnt account for time value of money therefore not very effective method 2. Net Present Value Taking the same example above if we analyse them (we need discount factor which cost of capital to discount future cash flows. Lets assume it as 10% Year Amount Discount Factor Present Vaue 0 1 10 0.909 9.09 2 25 0.826 20.65 3 30 0.751 22.53. 4 28 0.683 19.124 71.394 Project Two Year Amount Remaining Investment Present Vaue 0 1 1 13 0.909 11.817 2 20 0.826 16.52 3 25 0.751 18.775 4 50 0.683 34.15 81.262 The Net present value of second project is more than first one therefore e according to npv method second project is more profitable. Select appropriate and relevant financial information for use in the process of making strategic decisions on investment There are vaious ways to analyse investment each has it own merit and demerit but mostly to analyse investment we required some basic information to make our decision on. If we are comparing two or more competing projects we can do by using investment appraisal techniques like net present value etc We need some basis information to calculate and appraise and finally take investment decision which Approximate amount of total investment required for the project The future cash flow whether inflow or outflow that can be generated from the project. The minimum required return . If we are going to invest in a company we need to focus on two main factor which are how much dividend it pays through ratios called dividend cover and dividend yield and how much capital gain we can get by movement in share price relevant ratios are price earning ratio, earning per share etc. For the above calculation we need exact amount of Dividend paid during the year Share price Profit after tax Number of ordinary share issued This information can be drawn from the financial statement of targeted company. The future investment can be based on basis of past performance of selected companies The investment in company to acquire needs other consideration which is based on various financial as well as non financial factors but mostly following factors are taken into account . Company financial health through calculation of various ratio profitability, gearing , liquidity and efficiency etc The vision, mission , goals and objectives of the acquiring company and strategies to achieve those and many more. Therefore decision regarding acquisition or mergers required comprehensive analysis. Make recommendations based on a post-audit appraisal on the appropriateness of selected investment project decisions The payback period is simplest method to decide between competing project which one is the best but it ignore time value of money Net present value account for time value of money and is one of the mostly used way to appraise competing projects but it is complex and and require some figures to give correct answer like discount rate etc For investment in the shares of company we need financial information such as share price dividend eps etc but selection of company to invest in its share depends on many other factors like if the investing entity want to invest for long term or short term For long term investements share price moment is more important than dividend or vice versa. Task 3 Financial Statements Analyse financial statements using relevant techniques to assess the financial viability of an Tesco for 2008 The financial statement of any organization can be analysed by calculation of ratio and each ratio has its own significance and importance. There is hard and fast rule and no parameters to judge performance of each and every company against but its very subjective and depend on company and industry in which it operates. Let assume the following financial statement belong to company called Simon Sparks and analyse its financial statement. Simon Sparks Profit and Losss Account the period ended 30June 200X  £  £  £ Sales 292,000.00 Less Sales returns 13,800.00 Net Sales 278,200.00 Carriage outwards 15,000.00 263,200.00 Less cost of good sold S Opening stock 15,100.00 Purchases 135,600.00 Less Purchase returns 5,200.00 130,400.00 Less Closing Stock 16,200.00 129,300.00 Gross Profit 133,900.00 Bad debts 2,200.00 Advertising 6,000.00 Electricity Gas 11,100.00 Salaries and wages 37,200.00 Insurance 5,700.00 Motor expenses. 16,600.00 Postage stationery 2,400.00 Rent rates 20,900.00 102,100.00 Net Profit 31,800.00 Less Drawings 15,800.00 Retained Profit Balance Sheet as at 30 June as of 30 June 200X Non Current Asset ( . Fixtures Fittings @ cost 60,300.00 Motor vehicle @ cost 42,000.00 Total Non Current Asset 102,300.00 Current Asset Cash 600.00 Trade debtors 24,000.00 Closing stock 16,200.00 Total Current Asset 40,800.00 Total Asset 143,100.00 Liabilities and Owners Equity Capital 83,800.00 Retained Profit 16,799.00 100,599.00 Non Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Bank Overdraft 5,600.00 Trade Creditors 36,901.00 Total liabilities plus capital 143,100 126,699.00 All businesses exist to make profit in some way or other and to measure profitablilty we have many ratio to analyse same data from different aspects. Retuen on capital employeed is a primary ratio to assess profitablitly of any orgnization and its one of most widly used ratio.It is calculated by Dividing Profit before interest and tax with capital plus long term liability In the case of Simon spark it is 32% which can be assume as very good performance interims of profitability but ratio cant be analyses in standalone way they must be compared with some industry average competitor or past performance to evaluate and we dont ant information available here. Simon Park has managed to generate gross sale of  £292,000 which is really commendable as long as data is reliable and comparable. The Gross profit ratio shows companys profit margin when selling price is compared with cost of sale. The GP ratio of Simon spark is 51% which is really commendable and appreciatable but remember we are assuming that data is not only reliable but trustable. The other factor to measure profitability is net profit 6% here we see how effectively and efficiently day to day operation are run by management. Surprisingly the net profit margin is just 6% it is definably not very good indication of good performance but due to limitation of information for comparison we are unable to give conclusive remarks but 6% is very low and it shows though company is earning profits but its not working efficiently and effectively. The most significant expenses are salaries and wages followed by rent and rates. We dont know if its inefficient management but definitely I think there is enough room for improvement Liquidity Liquidity ratios are very important as company can be profitable but if not liquid enough can run to insolvency or at least find it self in big problems. Liquid assets are those which can easily convert in to cash with in short duration of time. The examples are cash, debtor, stock etc. The most important of liquidity ratio is current ratio which shows current assets as number of times to current liabilities and it is very widely used in business world. There is no specific ratio which can be said as good enough or bad as it varies from industry to industry and company to company. Simon Sparks current ratio is 1.5 times it mean it has 50% more liquid asset to meet it immediate needs. Its not bad but considering limitation of information we can assume its up to standard of industry. But there is more important ratio coming out of current ratio it is quick ratio. In quick ratio we dont consider stock as quickly convertible into cash asset and therefore remove it. The quick ratio of simpn spark is 0.94 times which cant be said either good enough or bad for the reason mention above. Carry out a performance audit of an organisation including reference to internal and external factors Performance audit is audit of mainly(management operations ,function or procedures of) not for profit or governmental organization to ensure value for money (economy efficiency and effectiveness ) in utilization of resource by using systematic professionally designed and conduct methodologies which are generally accepted and well structured. Few benefits of performance audit is Improving organisational performance A tool to increase efficiency Policy and performance Legal imperative Performance audit may include detection of fraud and error but its not included everytime there fore scope of permance audit must define and given in writing prior to start of work Performance audit using internal factors might be for example in production it may number of units produce in a one hour compare with standared or ideal performance For financial performance profit can be compare from period to another with cost of sale and revenue to ensure resource are used properly and generate value for money External factors to consider for performance audit are comparision of per unit cost with major competitor to ensure VFM (value for money economy, efficiency and effectiveness is achieved . Comparision of number of staff with equivalent or similar company or employee productivity with similar organization Performance audit is not define in any standered and can include anything but it is different from performance measurement. Use appropriate calculations to improve the quality of financial information used The quality of information is very important because its not reliable and relevant than its useless most business try to spend thousand to avoid the lost of money but unfortunately lack of focus on right cause more loss. The reliable and timely financial information is essential for success and to avoid loss and making wrong decision on the basis of misleading information. Financial in itself is very vast and full of useful information but its generall and everyone has to take this information and use it assess their own purpose for example a company can generate huge profits say Company A has revenue of  £100 million while gross profit is  £50 million and net profit  £25 million. A lay men can conclude fromthis information that companys is performing really well and generating good profits but what if we got data the competitor of same size earn profit  £1000 m with Gross profit ratio of 70% unlike our 50%. Even worse can happen like company is generating huge profits but its running out of cash to pay its immediate liabilities . Creditors have right to appeal in court and prove company as defaulter and therefore cease its existence. So calculation of various ratio from the broad set of financial statement help in understanding actual position of company regarding its competitors. I Make recommendations on the strategic portfolio of an organisation based on the interpretation of financial and ancillary information The world is moving very fast and there is increasing competition with increasing globalization and opening of borders therefore organization need to update themselves with latest information and predict future and prepare for it Organizations have many reason to believe that they have to prepare themselves before the storm and therefore they are required to identify, find and use the required information whether financial or other to prepare themselves for the future. There are various strategies an organization can follow to achieve its objectives. A company should diversify if they have access to adequate resource (financial or other)and technical capability to achieve success. Diversification bring competitive advantages as with mergers as economies of scale and information asymmetry can achieved . Strategic portfolio may include developing and investing in new technologies to achieve competitive advantage as technology as key to success. The factor which can be consider for strategic portfolio is to develop new products and or improve exsiting one to compensate those products whose lifecycle is about to finish . Partnership with international companies or local companies to enter new ventures is also a great option and by doing this organization can not diversify but loss in case of failure is share between partners and there will be access to new and usesful information by working with another organization. These are the few reformation which an organization should consider to develop there strategic portfolio and its quite subjective and can vary from one organization to another. 30.6 30.4 30.6 31 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.4 31.2 31.4 31.4 31.4

Japanese Involvement in the War :: essays research papers

Modern Asia Japanese Involvement in the War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War changes people’s lives; it changes the way people act, the way they think, and what they believe in. The people of Japan hold tradition and honor above everything else, this is something that did not change throughout the war. Though the world is changing right before the Japanese peoples’ eyes, they keep honor and tradition locked into their minds as well as their hearts. Frank Gibney’s statement, â€Å"There is no question that the Japanese people had participated wholeheartedly in the war effort.† is partly true as well as not. True in the sense that the Japanese did do certain things that may be counted as participating in the war, yet these acts were not done wholeheartedly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of Japan believe the Emperor is a descendant of the Sun-Goddess. They believe this with all their heart and will protect this belief till their death; this is the main reason that so many men died for Japan. At one perspective you can say that the people of Japan have been brainwashed since they were young. Therefore, grew up to believe this and fought for the Emperor and Japan. If one believes this, why is it that Americans sing the national anthem before every sports event? Another question that I have is why we say the Pledge of Allegiance when we’re in elementary school. Not one of the kids that say it day-to-day is actually paying attention to the real meaning or comprehending what they are reciting, they are going along with it. This is an example that shows the Japanese did participate in the war yet not wholeheartedly. They did not know the real meaning of war, nor did they comprehend it, they just went along with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese government used police forces in order to keep anyone from speaking out about the war; this keeps the citizens optimistic about the war and helps their nationalistic pride. Japan, who was once a rising power in the world had its citizens proud to be Japanese. This national pride only led to their downfall because they could only see the positive side of the war. Even in today’s world, you will find many Japanese people who are proud to be Japanese because of the pride that all of the citizens possess. This could possibly be traced back to the censorship that the government imposed on its people.